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India Population 2023

India (Republic of India) is a country in Southern Asia. India is the second most populous country in the world, with more than 1 billion representing 17.7% of the world’s population. By Land area, it’s the seventh-largest country in the world.  

As per the Indian Census population projection reports, the population of India in 2022 is  13,75,586,000 (1.38 billion or 138 Crores)

Source: Indian Census population projection reports 2011-2036

Census Projections

India has a population growth rate during 2020-2021 of 0.99%. Its estimated population in 2023 is 13,88,163 (1.39 billion or 139 Crore) equivalent to 18.47% of the total world population. The total land area of India is 2,973,190 sq. km  (1,147,960 sq. mi) & population density is 458 people per sq. km (1198 people per sq. mi)

Population of India in 2023 – 1.39 Billion or 139 Crore (Approx)
India2022 Population
Total Population1,375,586,000 
Male Population706,912,000
Female Population668,674,000
Global Rank2
Share of World Pop.17.70%
Area 2,973,190 Sq. Km  (1,147,960 sq. mi)
Area Rank7th
Density462 person/sq. km (1198/sq. mi.)

SourceIndian Census population projection reports 2011-2036

India Demographics

Fertility Rate* in India2
Infant mortality rate** in India28.3 
Median Age In India28.4 Years
Life Expectancy in India70.42 year
Urban Population of India35%

Source: Census 2011

*Fertility rate, the average number of children born to women during their reproductive years.

**Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 live births of children under one year of age.

India Historical Population

India has a population growth rate of  17.70% from 2001-to 2011. At the start of the 2oth century, India’s Population was 24 Crore and didn’t see much growth till 1931. By 1960 it saw good growth and doubled around  44 crores. After the 1950s till 2001 population growth rate is high and registered + 20% growth.

India’s population touched 100 crores or 1 billion in the 2001 census. In the last two decades, the growth rate declined a bit & now it’s around 15%.

Let’s look at decade population & percentage change from the Year 1910 to 2021

Census Year Population Absolute Change Percent Change
1901  238,396,327     –
1911 252,093,390  +13,697,063  5.75%
1921 251,321,213  – 772,177  – 0.31
1931  278,977,238  +27,656,025  11.00 %
1941  318,660,580  +39,683,342  14.22%
1951   361,088,090  +42,420,485  13.31%
1961   439,234,771  +77,682,873  21.51%
1971  548,159,652  +108,924,881  24.80%
1981   683,329,097  +135,169,445  24.66%
1991   846,421,039  +163,091,942  23.87%
2001   1,028,737,436  +182,316,397  21.54%
2011 1,210,854,977 +182,117,541 17.70%

Source: India Census 2011 

Hinduism is the main religion in India. In fact, India is the largest Hindu nation in the world & 94% percent of the World’s Hindu population live in India. Islam also has large followers in India & 15% of the Population follows it. Christians, Buddism, Sikhs, Jain are other minority religions in India  per the census data, which was compiled in 2011 the breakup of India population on religion basis is as Follows

  • Hinduism: 966.3 million  – 79.8% 
  • Islam:  172.2 million – 14.2%
  • Christians: 27.8 million – 2.3%
  • Sikhs: 20.8 million – 1.7%
  • Others ( Buddhist, Jains etc.) – 2%

For more details visit Religion in India

Source: Census 2011